What is the function of elevators on an aircraft?

Elevators on an aircraft are critical control surfaces located on the tail section, and their primary function is to control the pitch of the aircraft. This means they dictate the angle of the nose relative to the horizon; when the pilot moves the control yoke or stick backward, the elevators deflect upward, causing the tail to lower and the nose to rise, which helps the aircraft climb. Conversely, pushing the yoke forward causes the elevators to deflect downward, raising the tail and lowering the nose, allowing the aircraft to descend.

The ability to adjust pitch is essential for maintaining altitude and maneuverability during flight. By changing the pitch, pilots can achieve desired ascent or descent rates and perform varying flight maneuvers, making elevators an integral part of an aircraft's flight control system.